Dec 26, 2024 · The paper suggests using Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) and the MMW-FSO link to develop optical-radio communication systems. The proposed systems aim to transmit
Oct 14, 2022 · The construction of the 5G network in the communication system can potentially change future life and is one of the most cutting-edge engineering fields today. The 5G base
Jan 12, 2025 · In addition, the optical module in the base station can also be used to achieve fiber backhaul connection, the base station signal back to the data center or the operator''s core
May 10, 2023 · Free-space optical (FSO) communication based on laser technology is a promising opportunity for the nextgeneration ultra-high data rate links from satellites to ground
Feb 5, 2024 · With the advent of 5G technology, the demand for efficient and reliable connectivity has surged. Small base stations play a crucial role in delivering high-speed internet and
Apr 5, 2023 · However, in the existing research, a single OIRS cannot support optical multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication since OIRS performs the same modulation on all
Oct 30, 2023 · With its high data transmission capability comparable to fiber optics and its ability to operate in the interference-free optical spectrum, free space optical (FSO) communication is
The small cell base station communicates with the core network over a high-speed backhaul connection. Core network: The core network manages the overall operation of the small cell network, including authentication, authorization, and routing of user traffic.
It includes various functions such as the User Plane Function (UPF), Control Plane Function (CPF), and Session Management Function (SMF). Transport network: The transport network provides the high-speed connectivity between the small cell base station and the core network.
Medium-range base stations, which are adapted from microcell scenarios for Outdoor deployment. Small cells support various frequency bands defined by 3GPP [TS38.104], including FR1 and FR2 bands, which may be licensed, shared, or unlicensed, depending on deployment.
Zhang et al. developed an iterative algorithm to position an aerial base station optimally. This algorithm also handled resource allocation, with the goal of maximizing the throughput for the access link. The optimization process was subject to meeting the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for individual users within a hotspot region.
Management and orchestration: The management and orchestration component is responsible for the provisioning, configuration, and monitoring of the small cell network. It includes various management functions such as fault management, performance management, security management, and network automation.
With its high data transmission capability comparable to fiber optics and its ability to operate in the interference-free optical spectrum, free space optical (FSO) communication is ideally suited to backhauling requirements in NTNs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive tutorial on airborne FSO backhauling.
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