Aug 29, 2024 · Increasing the regulation capacity of the energy system. China has upgraded its coal-fired power units to have flexible load regulation capabilities. It has also built natural gas
Jul 23, 2024 · Large‐scale deployment of 5G base stations has brought severe challenges to the economic operation of the distribution network, furthermore, as a new type of adjustable load,
Oct 15, 2024 · To achieve climate-adaptive energy resilience and low-carbon transformation, main challenges include socio-economic equality access, deployment of charging piles and smart
Sep 1, 2024 · In this paper, a distributed collaborative optimization approach is proposed for power distribution and communication networks with 5G base stations. Firstly, the model of 5G
May 1, 2020 · Among the potential applications of repurposed EV LIBs, the use of these batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is one of the most promising candidates owing to the
Dec 1, 2023 · The growing penetration of 5G base stations (5G BSs) is posing a severe challenge to efficient and sustainable operation of power distribution systems (PDS) due to their huge
Mar 31, 2024 · With the maturity and large-scale deployment of 5G technology, the proportion of energy consumption of base stations in the smart grid is increasing, and there is an urgent
Previous research has estimated that a single 5G base station will produce approximately 30.2 ~ 33.5 tCO 2 eq throughout its life cycle (Ding et al., 2022; Guo et al., 2022a). Consequently, the carbon emissions from 5G base stations in China in 2021 amounted to approximately 49.2 MtCO 2 eq.
Micro base stations, on the other hand, are smaller and more flexible, allowing them to supplement the peripheral communication that cannot be covered by macro stations, thereby improving communication quality and capacity. Therefore, micro stations play a critical role in 5G planning.
However, due to their high radio frequency and limited coverage, the construction and operation of 5G base stations can lead to significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To address this challenge, scholars have focused on developing sustainable 5G base stations.
The 5G base station equipment architecture mainly adopts the BBU + AAU method. The BBU is the baseband part and can be further divided into two logical network elements, CU and DU. The CU handles the protocol stack functions above the PDCP layer of the wireless network, while the DU handles radio protocol functions below the PDCP layer.
In terms of energy consumption, 5G base stations require continuous operation and stability, which leads to significant electricity consumption (Guo et al., 2022a). This power is mainly supplied by transmission equipment and auxiliary equipment, such as transformers, UPS power supplies, and cooling equipment.
The system boundary of the CO 2 of 5G base station The civil construction of 5G base stations is typically carried out using the existing infrastructure of 4G base stations, resulting in less material input during the construction phase. The primary focus on carbon emission generation is during the use phase due to power consumption.
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