Jun 3, 2025 · The country has built more than 2.54 million 5G base stations, with the number of 5G smartphone users surpassing 575 million," said Jin Zhuanglong, minister of industry and
May 18, 2025 · Some analysts view 5G-A as the second phase of 5G development and the initial stage of 6G research. Various regions in China are actively promoting the construction and
Apr 20, 2023 · Both 5G base stations and CO 2 emissions are significantly lower than the previous estimates. We decomposed the CO 2 footprint of China''s 5G networks and assessed
Jul 1, 2022 · A significant reduction of emissions can be achieved by 2030 if taking some actions. The emergence of fifth-generation (5G) telecommunication would change modern lives,
May 4, 2024 · As 5G serves as the foundation for the construction of new infrastructure, China, as the world leader in 5G base station construction, has already built over 1.4 million 5G base
As 5G serves as the foundation for the construction of new infrastructure, China, as the world leader in 5G base station construction, has already built over 1.4 million 5G base stations in 2021 alone. In the same year, 5G base stations in China produced approximately 49.2 million tons of CO 2 eq.
Previous research has estimated that a single 5G base station will produce approximately 30.2 ~ 33.5 tCO 2 eq throughout its life cycle (Ding et al., 2022; Guo et al., 2022a). Consequently, the carbon emissions from 5G base stations in China in 2021 amounted to approximately 49.2 MtCO 2 eq.
However, due to their high radio frequency and limited coverage, the construction and operation of 5G base stations can lead to significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To address this challenge, scholars have focused on developing sustainable 5G base stations.
The 5G base station equipment architecture mainly adopts the BBU + AAU method. The BBU is the baseband part and can be further divided into two logical network elements, CU and DU. The CU handles the protocol stack functions above the PDCP layer of the wireless network, while the DU handles radio protocol functions below the PDCP layer.
The system boundary of the CO 2 of 5G base station The civil construction of 5G base stations is typically carried out using the existing infrastructure of 4G base stations, resulting in less material input during the construction phase. The primary focus on carbon emission generation is during the use phase due to power consumption.
The results indicate that, due to the high carbon emissions resulting from the new infrastructure, the carbon emissions of 5G base stations in China in 2021 amounted to 49.2 MtCO 2 eq.
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