Jul 1, 2024 · The main power consuming components of a base station are categorized in the same manner by almost all the discussed models, though the parameters which scale the
Jul 1, 2024 · This paper conducts a literature survey of relevant power consumption models for 5G cellular network base stations and provides a comparison of the models. It highlights
Mar 1, 2024 · The limited penetration capability of millimeter waves necessitates the deployment of significantly more 5G base stations (the next generation Node B, gNB) than their 4G
Mar 31, 2019 · The thermal and electromagnetic effects of varying the ground plane thickness and aperture size of the 5G integrated base station antennas are investigated. A double-sided PCB
1. Introduction 5G base station (BS), as an important electrical load, has been growing rapidly in the number and density to cope with the exponential growth of mobile data traffic . It is predicted that by 2025, there will be about 13.1 million BSs in the world, and the BS energy consumption will reach 200 billion kWh .
The power consumption of a single 5G station is 2.5 to 3.5 times higher than that of a single 4G station. The main factor behind this increase in 5G power consumption is the high power usage of the active antenna unit (AAU). Under a full workload, a single station uses nearly 3700W.
Aiming at minimizing the base station (BS) energy consumption under low and medium load scenarios, the 3GPP recently completed a Release 18 study on energy saving techniques for 5G NR BSs . A broad range of techniques was evaluated in terms of the obtained network energy saving (NES) gain and their impact to the user-perceived throughput (UPT).
The 5G BS power consumption mainly comes from the active antenna unit (AAU) and the base band unit (BBU), which respectively constitute BS dynamic and static power consumption. The AAU power consumption changes positively with the fluctuation of communication traffic, while the BBU power consumption remains basically unchanged , , .
This restricts the potential use of the power models, as their validity and accuracy remain unclear. Future work includes the further development of the power consumption models to form a unified evaluation framework that enables the quantification and optimization of energy consumption and energy efficiency of 5G networks.
The explosive growth of mobile data traffic has resulted in a significant increase in the energy consumption of 5G base stations (BSs).
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