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Whenever possible, using a single string of lithium cells is usually the preferred configuration for a lithium ion battery pack as it is the lowest cost and simplest. However, sometimes it may be necessary to use multiple strings of cells. Here are a few reasons that parallel strings may be necessary:
In more detail, let’s look at the critical components of a battery energy storage system (BESS). The battery is a crucial component within the BESS; it stores the energy ready to be dispatched when needed. The battery comprises a fixed number of lithium cells wired in series and parallel within a frame to create a module.
The telecom power system at 48VDC has four parallel battery strings of flooded lead-acid cells. Each string is rated 2,260 ampere-hours at an 8-hour discharge rate for a final battery voltage of 1.75V per cell.
If each cell is 10 amp hours and 3.3 volts, the battery pack above would be 10 amp hours and 26.4 volts (3.3 volts x 8 cells). For this setup, a BMS capable of monitoring 8 cells in series is necessary. Lithium cells can almost always be paralleled directly together to essentially create a larger cell.
Each string is rated 2,260 ampere-hours at an 8-hour discharge rate for a final battery voltage of 1.75V per cell. The design provides for one battery string to be disconnected for maintenance, while the remaining strings still support the full load current. The system requires sixteen 100A rectifiers to provide 15+1 redundancy.
Additionally, because no two cells are exactly the same, different currents will flow through each battery pack due to differing internal resistances, creating difference in state of charge between the two strings.
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