Jan 17, 2022 · Abstract—Base stations have been widely deployed to satisfy the service coverage and explosive demand increase in today''s cellular networks. Their reliability and availability
Multiple output designs may also employ a complex regulation scheme which senses multiple outputs to control the feedback loop. Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), and Third-generation (3G) base stations all necessitate varying degrees of complexity in power supply design.
In a 3G Base Station application, two converters are used to provide the +27V distribution bus voltage during normal conditions and power outages.
A preferred power supply architecture for DSL applications is illustrated in Fig. 2. A push-pull converter is used to convert the 48V input voltage to +/-12V and to provide electrical isolation. Synchronous buck converters powered off of the +12V rail generate various low-voltage outputs.
A power supply with a capacity of 100 W to 350 W was sufficient to cover many applications. Forward converters were a good choice and have been employed for years in telecom BBUs and RRUs. With the growing demand for mobile data, new markets and applications continue to emerge.
Low profile power supply design usually includes printed circuit board (planar) power transformers and output inductors and surface mount input and output capacitors. Multiple output power supplies are often implemented with a multi-output flyback converter.
This technique reduces opex by putting a base station into a “sleep mode,” with only the essentials remaining powered on. Pulse power leverages 5G base stations’ ability to analyze traffic loads. In 4G, radios are always on, even when traffic levels don’t warrant it, such as transmitting reference signals to detect users in the middle of the night.
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