May 1, 2020 · The choice of allocation methods has significant influence on the results. Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to
Jan 22, 2020 · Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to dispose massive spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles (EVs), yet
Apr 15, 2024 · In this paper, the retired Electric vehicles lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was the research object, and a specific analysis of the recycling treatment and gradual use stages of
Sep 2, 2024 · For the optimized pathway, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries improve profits by 58% and reduce emissions by 18% compared to hydrometallurgical recycling without reuse.
Feb 15, 2024 · To mitigate these disadvantages in BEVs, the established literature demonstrates improvements to energy storage systems, such as fast charging techniques, improved battery
Oct 1, 2024 · A lithium-ion battery (Li − ion) is the most commonly used battery in an EV because of its high energy density, high power density, and long lifespan. In addition, it is
May 1, 2020 · 摘要 Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to dispose massive spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles
Nov 1, 2023 · This study aims to establish a life cycle evaluation model of retired EV lithium-ion batteries and new lead-acid batteries applied in the energy storage system, compare their
Jan 22, 2020 · Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to dispose massive spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles (EVs), yet
Jan 10, 2024 · Abstract: This article investigates a wireless communication system, where multiple sensor devices powered by Li-ion batteries share transmission bandwidth and offload data to
May 1, 2020 · Abstract Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to dispose massive spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles
Mar 6, 2021 · In the future, especially after the 5G upgrade, lithium battery companies will no longer simply focus on communication base stations, but on how the communication network
Sep 2, 2024 · For the optimized pathway, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries improve profits by 58% and reduce emissions by 18% compared to hydrometallurgical recycling without reuse.
Among the potential applications of repurposed EV LIBs, the use of these batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) isone of the most promising candidates owing to the large-scale onsite energy storage demand ( Heymans et al., 2014; Sathre et al., 2015 ).
From the resource point of view, the MDP of repurposed LIBs isnot always preferable to that of the conventional LAB system. Recently, the environmental and social impacts of battery metals such as nickel, lithium and cobalt, have drawn much attention due to the ever-increasing demand ( Ziemann et al., 2019; Watari et al., 2020 ).
On the other hand, if the secondary use of repurposed LIBs is widely promoted,a delay in metal circulation will occur; the material availability might be questionable, and more primary lithium, copper, and aluminum have to be extracted to meet the supply shortages in the manufacturing sector.
The findings of this study indicate a potential dilemma; more raw metals are depleted during the secondary use of LIBs in CBSs than in the LAB scenario. On the one hand, the secondary use of LIBsreduces the MDP value by extending the service life of the batteries, although more metal resources are consumed during the repurposing activities.
Owing to the long cycle life and high energy and power density, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are themost widely used technology in the power supply system of EVs ( Opitz et al. (2017); Alfaro-Algaba and Ramirez et al., 2020 ).
In the recycling stage, the collectedLIB packs are dismantled to obtain the main components, such as battery cells, BMSs, and packaging, and various material fractions are recovered from these components separately (Table A1 in the supplementary materials).
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