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One can mention the IEC 61960 standard or PNGV (Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles) procedure for example. Measurement methods for the internal resistance of batteries can be divided up into two categories: DC (Direct Current) techniques and AC (Alternating Current) techniques.
Battery testers (such as the Hioki 3561, BT3562, BT3563, and BT3554) apply a constant AC current at a measurement frequency of 1 kHz and then calculate the battery’s internal resistance based on the voltage value obtained from an AC voltmeter.
Battery internal resistance is a critical performance parameter that determines the runtime, power delivery, current capabilities, efficiency and health of a battery. Measuring the internal resistance allows you to analyze battery characteristics and performance for design optimization, production testing or periodic maintenance.
The most common method for determining a battery’s internal resistance is to connect it to a circuit with a resistor, measure voltage through the battery, calculate current, measure voltage through the resistor, find the voltage drop, and use Kirchhoff laws to determine the remaining resistance, which is internal resistance.
The key aspects influenced by the battery internal resistance include: Voltage drop under load – Higher internal resistance causes larger voltage drops during discharge. This reduces the usable capacity at higher current draws. Power delivery – Internal resistance dissipates power as heat during operation, reducing battery efficiency.
The typical internal resistance of a lithium-ion battery varies depending on its capacity and design. Generally, it ranges from a few milliohms to tens of milliohms. For example, a 2000 mAh lithium-ion battery may have an internal resistance of around 50-100 mΩ. Can high internal resistance cause a battery to fail?
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